Exam question 1 · Peppa Pig: what real pigs are like

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the purpose of wallowing in mud by the domestic pig.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, purpose · What happens: select, establish, concern, wallow · To what, where: response, purpose, mud

This is exam question 1 of lesson 138 «Peppa Pig: what real pigs are like» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 purpose	det
11	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 wallowing	mark
13	wallowing	wallow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 purpose	acl
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 mud	case
15	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 wallowing	obl
16	by	by	ADP	_	19 pig	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 pig	det
18	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 pig	amod
19	pig	pig	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 wallowing	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the purpose			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus purpose=Experiencer
4	wallow	gerund	the purpose not said here		mud	by the domestic pig	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Pigs wallow solely for amusement without any benefit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wallow	nsubj
2	wallow	wallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 wallow	advmod
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 amusement	case
5	amusement	amusement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wallow	obl
6	without	without	ADP	_	8 benefit	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 benefit	det
8	benefit	benefit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wallow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wallow	present	Pigs					for amusement; without any benefit; solely property	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

Mud is employed by pigs for the cleaning of their teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 employed	aux:pass
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 pigs	case
5	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 employed	obl:agent
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 cleaning	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cleaning	det
8	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 teeth	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 teeth	nmod:poss
11	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 cleaning	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive	pigs	Mud				for the cleaning of pigs's teeth	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent subject=Theme for cleaning=Eventuality
2	clean		pigs's teeth						nom cleaning «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Pigs possess few functioning sweat glands, and mud cools the body while protecting it from sun and insects

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 glands	amod
4	functioning	functioning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 glands	amod
5	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 glands	compound
6	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 cools	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 cools	cc
9	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cools	nsubj
10	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 possess	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 body	det
12	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cools	obj
13	while	while	SCONJ	_	14 protecting	mark
14	protecting	protect	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 cools	advcl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 protecting	obj
16	from	from	ADP	_	17 sun	case
17	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 protecting	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 insects	cc
19	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 sun	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Pigs	few functioning sweat glands		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gland=Theme
2	cool	present	mud	the body		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent body=Patient
3	protect	gerund	mud not said here	body	from sun and insects	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary from sun=Theme

Option 4

Pigs derive their principal nourishment from mud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 derive	nsubj
2	derive	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 nourishment	nmod:poss
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 nourishment	amod
5	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derive	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 mud	case
7	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	Pigs	Pigs's principal nourishment		mud			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent nourishment=Result from mud=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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