Exam question 4 · Peppa Pig: what real pigs are like

Ascertain the reason for which the feeding of kitchen leftovers to pigs is prohibited by law in many countries.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, law, kitchen leftovers · What happens: ascertain, prohibit, feed · To what, where: reason, feeding, many countries

This is exam question 4 of lesson 138 «Peppa Pig: what real pigs are like» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 prohibited	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 feeding	det
7	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 prohibited	nsubj:pass
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 leftovers	case
9	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 leftovers	compound
10	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 feeding	nmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 pigs	case
12	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 leftovers	nmod
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 prohibited	aux:pass
14	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 law	case
16	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 prohibited	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 countries	case
18	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 countries	amod
19	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 prohibited	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	prohibit	present · passive	law	the feeding of kitchen leftovers to pigs	many countries	for the reason	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme
3	feed		kitchen leftovers to pigs				nom feeding «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Pigs refuse food previously handled by people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 refuse	nsubj
2	refuse	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 refuse	obj
4	previously	previously	ADV	_	2 refuse	advmod
5	handled	handle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 refuse	xcomp
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 people	case
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 handled	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	present	Pigs	food				previously property	tree rules
2	not handle	participle	Pigs not said here						vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Leftovers cause excessive increase in the weight of pigs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leftovers	leftover	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cause	nsubj
2	cause	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 increase	amod
4	increase	increase	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cause	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 weight	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 weight	det
7	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cause	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 pigs	case
9	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 weight	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Leftovers	excessive increase		the weight of pigs			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition increase=Patient

Option 3

Leftovers contain insufficient salt for pigs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leftovers	leftover	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 contain	nsubj
2	contain	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 salt	amod
4	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contain	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 pigs	case
6	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 contain	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	Leftovers	insufficient salt				for pigs	vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot salt=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Scraps of meat may transmit serious diseases of pigs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scraps	scrap	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 transmit	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 meat	case
3	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Scraps	nmod
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 transmit	aux
5	transmit	transmit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 diseases	amod
7	diseases	disease	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 transmit	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 pigs	case
9	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 diseases	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transmit	may	Scraps of meat	serious diseases of pigs					vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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