Test 11 · The city as a habitat

Gran says sparrows are everywhere in London, always have been. Is that true now?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Gran, sparrows, that · What happens: say, be · To what, where: London · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Gran says sparrows are everywhere in London, always have been.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 everywhere	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 everywhere	cop
5	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	2 says	ccomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 London	case
7	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 everywhere	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 been	punct
9	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	11 been	advmod
10	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 been	aux
11	been	be	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 says	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Gran			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is	present	sparrows	London	everywhere property	tree rules
3	be	present · perfect			always property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is that true now?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
2	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 true	nsubj
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 true	advmod
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that				now	true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Yes, there are more than ever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 are	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	4 are	expl
4	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 are	nsubj
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 ever	case
7	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	more			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Yes, they are the commonest bird on Earth and always will be

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 bird	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 bird	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bird	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bird	det
6	commonest	common	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 bird	amod
7	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 Earth	case
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 bird	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 bird	cc
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	13 be	advmod
12	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 be	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 bird	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	they	the commonest bird		Earth			tree rules

Option 3

No, they were never in London at all, as sparrows only live in the countryside on farms

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 London	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 London	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 London	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 London	cop
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 London	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 London	case
7	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 live	nsubj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 London	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 sparrows	punct
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 sparrows	case
12	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 live	nsubj
13	only	only	ADV	_	14 live	advmod
14	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 countryside	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 countryside	det
17	countryside	countryside	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 live	obl
18	on	on	ADP	_	19 farms	case
19	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	past	they			London		at all	tree rules
2	live	present	London			the countryside		on farms	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in countryside=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, they have become much rarer in some cities, and the cause is still studied

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 become	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 become	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 become	nsubj
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 become	aux
5	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	much	much	ADV	_	7 rarer	advmod
7	rarer	rare	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 become	xcomp
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 cities	case
9	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	10 cities	det
10	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 rarer	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 studied	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 studied	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 cause	det
14	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 studied	nsubj:pass
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 studied	aux:pass
16	still	still	ADV	_	17 studied	advmod
17	studied	study	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 become	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present · perfect	they					rare property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	study	present · passive		the cause			still		vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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