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Test 4 · ★★★ · Paw Patrol: real police, fire, rescue and sniffer dogs

In Tom and Jerry, Spike the bulldog guards the yard and swims across the pool to catch Tom. What is true of real bulldogs?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Spike · What happens: guard, swim, catch, be · To what, where: yard, Tom, pool

This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 140 «Paw Patrol: real police, fire, rescue and sniffer dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Tom and Jerry, Spike the bulldog guards the yard and swims across the pool to catch Tom.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Tom	case
2	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 guards	obl
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 Jerry	cc
4	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Tom	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Tom	punct
6	Spike	Spike	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 guards	nsubj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bulldog	det
8	bulldog	bulldog	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 guards	nsubj
9	guards	guard	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 yard	det
11	yard	yard	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 guards	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 swims	cc
13	swims	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 guards	conj
14	across	across	ADP	_	16 pool	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 pool	det
16	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 swims	obl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 catch	mark
18	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 swims	advcl
19	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 catch	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 guards	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	guard	present	Spike	the yard		Tom and Jerry			vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yard=Beneficiary
2	swim	present	Spike not said here			the pool			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across pool=Trajectory
3	catch	to-infinitive	Spike not said here	Tom					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tom=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true of real bulldogs?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bulldogs	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bulldogs	amod
6	bulldogs	bulldog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						of real bulldogs; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Bulldogs float like ducks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bulldogs	bulldog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 float	nsubj
2	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	like	like	ADP	_	4 ducks	case
4	ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	present	Bulldogs					like ducks	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Bulldogs were bred as lifeguards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bulldogs	bulldog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bred	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bred	aux:pass
3	bred	breed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	as	as	ADP	_	5 lifeguards	case
5	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bred	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breed	past · passive		Bulldogs				as lifeguards	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are poor swimmers because of their heavy fronts and short noses

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 swimmers	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 swimmers	cop
3	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 swimmers	amod
4	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	9 fronts	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	5 because	fixed
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 fronts	nmod:poss
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 fronts	amod
9	fronts	front	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swimmers	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 noses	cc
11	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 noses	amod
12	noses	nose	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fronts	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	poor swimmers				because swimmers's heavy fronts and short noses	tree rules

Option 4

Bulldogs are the best swimming dogs, which is why lifeguards use them at the beach

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bulldogs	bulldog	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 dogs	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 dogs	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dogs	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 dogs	amod
5	swimming	swimming	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dogs	compound
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 why	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 why	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 why	cop
10	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 dogs	acl:relcl
11	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 use	nsubj
12	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 why	advcl:relcl
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 use	obj
14	at	at	ADP	_	16 beach	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 beach	det
16	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Bulldogs	the best swimming dogs					tree rules
2	is	present	the best swimming dogs					why property	tree rules
3	use	present	lifeguards	Bulldogs = bulldog		the beach			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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