Test 9 · ★ · Zootopia: real sloths, shrews, predators and prey
A wildlife film shows one lion pride and a huge herd of zebras. Why is that the usual picture?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: wildlife film · What happens: show, be · To what, where: one lion pride, usual picture
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 142 «Zootopia: real sloths, shrews, predators and prey» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A wildlife film shows one lion pride and a huge herd of zebras.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 film | det |
| 2 | wildlife | wildlife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 film | compound |
| 3 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shows | nsubj |
| 4 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 pride | nummod |
| 6 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pride | compound |
| 7 | pride | pride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shows | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 herd | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 herd | det |
| 10 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 herd | amod |
| 11 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pride | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 zebras | case |
| 13 | zebras | zebra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 herd | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a wildlife film | one lion pride and a huge herd of zebras | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pride=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why is that the usual picture?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 picture | advmod |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 picture | cop |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 picture | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 picture | det |
| 5 | usual | usual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 picture | amod |
| 6 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 picture | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the usual picture | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Each predator needs many prey animals to survive
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 predator | det |
| 2 | predator | predator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 needs | nsubj |
| 3 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 animals | amod |
| 5 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 animals | compound |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 needs | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 survive | mark |
| 8 | survive | survive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 needs | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | each predator | many prey animals | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot animal=Theme | ||||
| 2 | survive | to-infinitive | each predator not said here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
Lions only ever live in very small groups by chance, not because of how much food there is
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | nsubj |
| 2 | only | only | ADV | _ | 4 live | advmod |
| 3 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 4 live | advmod |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 groups | case |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 small | advmod |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 groups | amod |
| 8 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | obl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 chance | case |
| 10 | chance | chance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 food | punct |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 food | advmod |
| 13 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 17 food | case |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 because | fixed |
| 15 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 much | advmod |
| 16 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 food | amod |
| 17 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 18 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 19 is | expl |
| 19 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 food | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Lions | small groups | ever | by chance; because much food | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Location | ||
| 2 | be | present | much food not said here | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
Zebras eat lions in bad years
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zebras | zebra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 eat | nsubj |
| 2 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 eat | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 years | case |
| 5 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 years | amod |
| 6 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 eat | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present | Zebras | lions | year | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient |
Option 4
Lions have scared off most other lions
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 scared | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 scared | aux |
| 3 | scared | scare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | off | off | ADP | _ | 7 lions | case |
| 5 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 lions | amod |
| 6 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 lions | amod |
| 7 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 scared | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | scare off | present · perfect | Lions | most other lions | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lion=Experiencer |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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