Test 6 · ★★ · Myth check: are elephants scared of mice?

«elephant's charging, ears out, we're dead, run!!» What is useful to know?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: charging · What happens: be, run, know

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 149 «Myth check: are elephants scared of mice?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «elephant's charging, ears out, we're dead, run!!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 charging	punct
2	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 charging	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 elephant	case
4	charging	charging	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dead	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 ears	punct
6	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 charging	conj
7	out	out	ADV	_	6 ears	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 charging	punct
9	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 dead	nsubj
10	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 dead	cop
11	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 run	punct
13	run	run	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	11 dead	parataxis
14	!!	!!	PUNCT	_	11 dead	punct
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 dead	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	elephant's charging and ears					dead property	tree rules
2	run in a quote	infinitive							vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is useful to know?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 useful	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 useful	cop
3	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 know	mark
5	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 useful	xcomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 useful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						useful property	tree rules
2	know	to-infinitive							vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

The options

Option 1

Elephants never charge at anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 charge	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 charge	advmod
3	charge	charge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 anything	case
5	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 charge	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not charge	present	Elephants			anything			vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at anything=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many charges are bluffs, and spreading ears makes it look bigger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 charges	amod
2	charges	charge	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bluffs	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bluffs	cop
4	bluffs	bluff	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 makes	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 makes	cc
7	spreading	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 makes	csubj
8	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 spreading	obj
9	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bluffs	acl:relcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 makes	obj
11	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 makes	xcomp
12	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 look	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Many charges	bluffs		tree rules
2	spread	gerund		ears		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme
3	make	present	spreading	it		tree rules
4	look	infinitive			big property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3

Elephants charge only when they are happy and want to play with you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 charge	nsubj
2	charge	charge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	7 happy	advmod
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 happy	advmod
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 happy	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 happy	cop
7	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 charge	advcl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 want	cc
9	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 charge	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 play	mark
11	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 want	xcomp
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 you	case
13	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 play	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	charge	present	Elephants		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	Elephants = elephant	happy property	tree rules
3	want	present	Elephants not said here		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
4	play not said to happen	to-infinitive	Elephants not said here	with you	vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with you=Co-Agent

Option 4

Spreading ears means it is about to sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spreading	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 means	csubj
2	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Spreading	obj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 about	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 about	cop
6	about	about	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 means	ccomp
7	to	to	PART	_	8 sleep	mark
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 about	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	spread	gerund		ears		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme
2	mean	present	Spreading			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	it		about property	tree rules
4	sleep	to-infinitive				vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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