Test 6 · ★★★ · Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?

A warm spell brings rain, then a hard frost turns the snow into an icy crust. What happens to lemmings under it?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: warm spell, hard frost · What happens: bring, turn, happen · To what, where: rain, snow, icy crust, crust

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 150 «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A warm spell brings rain, then a hard frost turns the snow into an icy crust.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 spell	det
2	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 spell	amod
3	spell	spell	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 brings	nsubj
4	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 brings	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 turns	punct
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 turns	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 frost	det
9	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 frost	amod
10	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 turns	nsubj
11	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 brings	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 snow	det
13	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 turns	obj
14	into	into	ADP	_	17 crust	case
15	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 crust	det
16	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 crust	amod
17	crust	crust	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 turns	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 brings	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	present	a warm spell	rain					vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme
2	turn	present	a hard frost	the snow		a icy crust	then		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent snow=Theme into crust=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happens to lemmings under it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happens	nsubj
2	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 lemmings	case
4	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 happens	obl
5	under	under	ADP	_	6 it	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 happens	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present				crust		to lemmings	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under it=Location

The options

Option 1

They are warmer and safer than before, as the ice works like a hard roof

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 warmer	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 warmer	cop
3	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 safer	cc
5	safer	safe	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 warmer	conj
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 before	case
7	before	before	ADV	_	5 safer	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 works	punct
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 works	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ice	det
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 works	nsubj
12	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 warmer	parataxis
13	like	like	ADP	_	16 roof	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 roof	det
15	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 roof	amod
16	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 works	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	They	warm property	tree rules
2	be		They not said here		tree rules
3	work	present	the ice	like a hard roof	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Nothing, ice does not reach them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 ice	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reach	nsubj
4	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 reach	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 reach	advmod
6	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 reach	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not reach	present · do-support	Nothing ice	them = they					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 3

They get more food than usual

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 get	nsubj
2	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 food	amod
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 get	obj
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 usual	case
6	usual	usual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 get	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	They	more food				than usual	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer food=Stimulus

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They can be cut off from food and their nests get soaked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cut	nsubj:pass
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 cut	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 cut	aux:pass
4	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	off	off	ADP	_	4 cut	compound:prt
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 food	case
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cut	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 soaked	cc
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 nests	nmod:poss
10	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 soaked	nsubj:pass
11	get	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 soaked	aux:pass
12	soaked	soak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 cut	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut off	can · passive		They		food			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from food=Initial_Location
2	soak	present · passive		their nests					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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