Exam question 1 · Myth check: are bats blind?

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the visual capacity of bats.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, visual capacity

This is exam question 1 of lesson 153 «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 capacity	det
11	visual	visual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 capacity	amod
12	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 bats	case
14	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 capacity	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the visual capacity of bats		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus capacity=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Sight is present solely in bats inhabiting caverns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 present	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 present	cop
3	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 present	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 bats	case
6	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 present	obl
7	inhabiting	inhabit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 bats	acl
8	caverns	cavern	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 inhabiting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Sight			bats		present, solely property	tree rules
2	inhabit	gerund	bats not said here	caverns					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

All species of bat possess sight, and numerous species see with considerable acuity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 possess	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 bat	case
4	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 species	nmod
5	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 possess	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 see	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 see	cc
9	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 species	amod
10	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 see	nsubj
11	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 possess	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 acuity	case
13	considerable	considerable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 acuity	amod
14	acuity	acuity	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	all species of bat	sight					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sight=Theme
2	see	present	numerous species					with considerable acuity	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

Only juvenile bats are possessed of sight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 bats	advmod
2	juvenile	juvenile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bats	compound
3	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 possessed	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 possessed	aux:pass
5	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 sight	case
7	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 possessed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive		juvenile bats				of sight	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

The members of the order are without exception entirely blind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 members	det
2	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 exception	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 order	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 order	det
5	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 members	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 exception	cop
7	without	without	ADP	_	8 exception	case
8	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	10 blind	advmod
10	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 exception	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the members of the order					without exception	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/153-are-bats-blind/e1/