Exam question 3 · The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart fr…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the source of the poison of wild poison dart frogs?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: source

This is exam question 3 of lesson 156 «The Amazon canopy: howlers, harpy eagles, toucans, dart frogs and sloth gardens» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 source	det
10	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 poison	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 poison	det
13	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 source	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	18 frogs	case
15	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 frogs	amod
16	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 dart	compound
17	dart	dart	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 frogs	compound
18	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 poison	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the source of the poison of wild dart frogs				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is absorbed from the water of the bromeliad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 absorbed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 absorbed	aux:pass
3	absorbed	absorb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 water	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 water	det
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absorbed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 bromeliad	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bromeliad	det
9	bromeliad	bromeliad	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 water	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present · passive		It		the water of the bromeliad			vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from water=Source

Option 2

It is acquired from the leaves upon which the frogs rest, and soaked up through the skin

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 acquired	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 acquired	aux:pass
3	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 leaves	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 leaves	det
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 acquired	obl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 rest	obl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 frogs	det
10	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 rest	nsubj
11	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 leaves	acl:relcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 soaked	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 soaked	cc
14	soaked	soak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 acquired	conj
15	up	up	ADP	_	14 soaked	compound:prt
16	through	through	ADP	_	18 skin	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 skin	det
18	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 soaked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	acquire	present · passive		It	the leaves	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from leaf=Source
2	rest	present	the frogs		the leaves	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent upon which=Location
3	soak up	participle			the skin	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It is produced from the absorption of sunlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 absorption	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 absorption	det
6	absorption	absorption	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 sunlight	case
8	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 absorption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present · passive		It		the absorption of sunlight			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from absorption=Material
2	absorb			sunlight					nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is derived from the ants and mites consumed by the frogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 derived	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 derived	aux:pass
3	derived	derive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 ants	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ants	det
6	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 derived	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 mites	cc
8	mites	mite	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ants	conj
9	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 ants	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 frogs	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 frogs	det
12	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 consumed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present · passive		It		the ants and mites			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from ant=Material
2	consume	participle		the ants and mites not said here				by the frogs	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/156-the-amazon-canopy/e3/