Test 11 · The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, j…
Antbirds dart about at the front of an army ant swarm. What are they doing?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Antbirds · What happens: dart about, do · To what, where: front
This is test 11 of lesson 157 «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Antbirds dart about at the front of an army ant swarm.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antbirds | antbird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 dart | nsubj |
| 2 | dart | dart | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | about | about | ADV | _ | 2 dart | advmod |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 front | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 front | det |
| 6 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 dart | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 swarm | case |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 swarm | det |
| 9 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ant | compound |
| 10 | ant | ant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 swarm | compound |
| 11 | swarm | swarm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 front | nmod |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 dart | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dart about | present | Antbirds | the front of a ant swarm | about property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at front=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What are they doing?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 doing | obj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 doing | aux |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 doing | nsubj |
| 4 | doing | do | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 doing | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present · progressive | Antbirds = antbird | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
The options
Option 1
Fighting the ants to take over their nest
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ants | det |
| 3 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Fighting | obj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 take | mark |
| 5 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Fighting | advcl |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 5 take | compound:prt |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 nest | nmod:poss |
| 8 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 take | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | gerund | the ants | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Co-Agent | |||||
| 2 | take over | to-infinitive | ants's nest | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Theme |
Option 2
Eating the army ants one by one as they march
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ants | det |
| 3 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ants | compound |
| 4 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Eating | obj |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 ants | appos |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 one | case |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 one | nmod |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 march | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 march | nsubj |
| 10 | march | march | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Eating | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | gerund | the army ants | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient | |||||
| 2 | march | present | ants = ant | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Snatching insects that flee the ants
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snatching | snatch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 insects | amod |
| 2 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 flee | nsubj |
| 4 | flee | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 insects | acl:relcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ants | det |
| 6 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 flee | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | snatch | gerund | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | flee | present | Snatching insects | the ants | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ant=Initial_Location |
Option 4
Leading the ants like a guide through the forest
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leading | lead | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ants | det |
| 3 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Leading | obj |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 6 guide | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 guide | det |
| 6 | guide | guide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ants | nmod |
| 7 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 forest | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 forest | det |
| 9 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Leading | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | gerund | the ants | the forest | like a guide | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ant=Theme through forest=Destination |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/t11/