Test 8 · The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, j…

A man stung by a bullet ant says it felt like being shot. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: man, it · What happens: sting, say, feel, shoot, be · To what, where: man · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 157 «The Amazon forest floor: leafcutters, army ants, tapirs, jaguars and the giant spider» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A man stung by a bullet ant says it felt like being shot.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 man	det
2	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	nsubj
3	stung	sting	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 man	acl
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 ant	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 ant	det
6	bullet	bullet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ant	compound
7	ant	ant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stung	obl:agent
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 felt	nsubj
10	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 says	ccomp
11	like	like	SCONJ	_	13 shot	mark
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 shot	aux:pass
13	shot	shoot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 felt	advcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	sting	participle		a man not said here	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	say speech: assert	present	a man		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	feel	past	it		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
4	shoot	gerund · passive			vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Bullet ants shoot real bullets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bullet	bullet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ants	compound
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shoot	nsubj
3	shoot	shoot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bullets	amod
5	bullets	bullet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shoot	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shoot	present	Bullet ants	real bullets					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bullet=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Its sting is one of the most painful known, and the pain lasts hours

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 sting	nmod:poss
2	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 one	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 one	cop
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 painful	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 painful	det
7	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	8 painful	advmod
8	painful	painful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 one	nmod
9	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 painful	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 lasts	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 lasts	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 pain	det
13	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lasts	nsubj
14	lasts	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 one	conj
15	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 lasts	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Its sting	one		of the painful	tree rules
2	know	participle	Its sting not said here				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	last	present	the pain		hour		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
4	sting		Its = it				nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

He is joking, it just feels like a tiny mosquito bite that is gone in a minute

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 joking	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 joking	aux
3	joking	joke	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 feels	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 feels	nsubj
6	just	just	ADV	_	7 feels	advmod
7	feels	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 joking	conj
8	like	like	ADP	_	12 bite	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 bite	det
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bite	amod
11	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 bite	compound
12	bite	bite	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 feels	obl
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 gone	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 gone	cop
15	gone	gone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bite	parataxis
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 minute	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 minute	det
18	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 gone	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	joke speech: other	present · progressive	He			vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	feel	present	it		like a tiny mosquito bite	vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like bite=Theme
3	is	present	that	minute	gone property	tree rules

Option 4

Bullet ants cannot sting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bullet	bullet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ants	compound
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sting	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 sting	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 sting	advmod
5	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sting	can	Bullet ants						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/157-the-amazon-forest-floor/t8/