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Test 9 · ★ · The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest…

A pangolin has no teeth. How does it eat?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: pangolin · What happens: have, eat · To what, where: teeth

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 159 «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A pangolin has no teeth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pangolin	det
2	pangolin	pangolin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 teeth	det
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	a pangolin	no teeth					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How does it eat?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 eat	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 eat	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 eat	nsubj
4	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 eat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present · do-support	pangolin						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It licks up ants and termites with a very long tongue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 licks	nsubj
2	licks	lick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 licks	compound:prt
4	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 licks	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 termites	cc
6	termites	termite	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ants	conj
7	with	with	ADP	_	11 tongue	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tongue	det
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 long	advmod
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tongue	amod
11	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 licks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lick up	present	It	ants and termites				with a long tongue	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ant=Experiencer with tongue=Instrument

Option 2

It drinks only water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drinks	nsubj
2	drinks	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 water	advmod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drinks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present	It	water					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Option 3

It swallows fruit whole

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swallows	nsubj
2	swallows	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swallows	obj
4	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 swallows	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swallow	present	It	fruit				whole property	vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient

Option 4

It eats only soft young leaves from the tops of the trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eats	nsubj
2	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 leaves	advmod
4	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 leaves	amod
5	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 leaves	amod
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eats	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 tops	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tops	det
9	tops	top	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 leaves	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 trees	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 trees	det
12	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 tops	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	It	soft young leaves		the tops of the trees			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/159-the-congo-rainforest/t9/