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Test 11 · The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish an…

A loud honking fills the forest at night. What is a likely source?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: loud honking · What happens: fill, be · To what, where: forest, likely source

This is test 11 of lesson 160 «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A loud honking fills the forest at night.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 honking	det
2	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 honking	amod
3	honking	honking	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fills	nsubj
4	fills	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 forest	det
6	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fills	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 night	case
8	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fills	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 fills	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	present	a loud honking	the forest			night		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent forest=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is a likely source?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 source	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 source	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 source	det
4	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 source	amod
5	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 source	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a likely source					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A lungfish in its mud ball

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lungfish	det
2	lungfish	lungfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 ball	case
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 ball	nmod:poss
5	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ball	compound
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lungfish	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

A hippo snoring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 snoring	det
2	hippo	hippo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 snoring	compound
3	snoring	snoring	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Male hammer-headed bats calling to females

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bats	amod
2	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 headed	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 hammer	punct
4	headed	head	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bats	amod
5	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	calling	call	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 bats	acl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 females	case
8	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 calling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	head	participle							vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	call	gerund	Male headed bats not said here		females				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to female=Recipient

Option 4

Leopards purring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leopards	leopard	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	purring	purr	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Leopards	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	purr	gerund	Leopards not said here						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/160-the-congo-river/t11/