Exam question 4 · Borneo: orangutans, proboscis monkeys, the biggest flower…

Ascertain the reason for which the female rhinoceros hornbill encloses herself within a tree cavity.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, female rhinoceros hornbill · What happens: ascertain, enclose · To what, where: reason, hornbill

This is exam question 4 of lesson 161 «Borneo: orangutans, proboscis monkeys, the biggest flower and gliding snakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 encloses	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hornbill	det
7	female	female	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 hornbill	amod
8	rhinoceros	rhinoceros	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hornbill	compound
9	hornbill	hornbill	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 encloses	nsubj
10	encloses	enclose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reason	acl
11	herself	herself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	10 encloses	obj
12	within	within	ADP	_	15 cavity	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 cavity	det
14	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cavity	compound
15	cavity	cavity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 encloses	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	enclose	present	the female rhinoceros hornbill	hornbill				for the reason; within a tree cavity	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme herself=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Avoidance of heavy rainfall during the monsoon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Avoidance	avoidance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 rainfall	case
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rainfall	amod
4	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Avoidance	nmod
5	during	during	ADP	_	7 monsoon	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 monsoon	det
7	monsoon	monsoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Avoidance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid			heavy rainfall			during the monsoon		nom avoidance «act transitive»: of=patient during=obl

Option 2

Concealment from the male of her species

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 male	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 male	det
4	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Concealment	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 species	case
6	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 species	nmod:poss
7	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 male	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Protection of herself and her offspring from predators such as snakes and monkeys

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 herself	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 herself	case
3	herself	herself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 offspring	cc
5	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 offspring	nmod:poss
6	offspring	offspring	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 herself	conj
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 predators	case
8	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 offspring	nmod
9	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	11 snakes	case
10	as	as	ADP	_	9 such	fixed
11	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 predators	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 monkeys	cc
13	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 snakes	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Escape from the heat of the midday sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Escape	escape	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 heat	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 heat	det
4	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Escape	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 sun	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sun	det
7	midday	midday	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sun	compound
8	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heat	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	escape	imperative	you not said here			the heat of the midday sun			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from heat=Initial_Location
2	heat		the midday sun						nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/161-borneo-orangutans-proboscis-monkeys-and-the-biggest-flower/e4/