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Test 4 · Borneo: orangutans, proboscis monkeys, the biggest flower…

In a cartoon a snake flies by flapping like a bird. What is real for Borneo's snakes?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: snake · What happens: fly, flap, be · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 4 of lesson 161 «Borneo: orangutans, proboscis monkeys, the biggest flower and gliding snakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a snake flies by flapping like a bird.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flies	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 snake	det
5	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flies	nsubj
6	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 flapping	mark
8	flapping	flap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 flies	advcl
9	like	like	ADP	_	11 bird	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bird	det
11	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 flapping	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 flies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	a snake			a cartoon			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in cartoon=Location
2	flap	gerund	a snake not said here					like a bird	vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is real for Borneo's snakes?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 real	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 real	cop
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	7 snakes	case
5	Borneo	Borneo	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 snakes	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Borneo	case
7	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 real	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 real	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						for Borneo's snakes; real property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

They really do flap like birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 flap	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	4 flap	advmod
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 flap	aux
4	flap	flap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 birds	case
6	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 flap	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flap	present · do-support	They					like birds	vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They glide on big leaves, using them like surfboards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 glide	nsubj
2	glide	glide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 leaves	case
4	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 leaves	amod
5	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 glide	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 using	punct
7	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 glide	advcl
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 using	obj
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 surfboards	case
10	surfboards	surfboard	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 using	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glide	present	They			big leaves			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leaf=Trajectory
2	use	gerund	They not said here	leaves = leaf				like surfboards	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They glide by flattening their bodies, they cannot flap

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 glide	nsubj
2	glide	glide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	SCONJ	_	4 flattening	mark
4	flattening	flatten	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 glide	advcl
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 bodies	nmod:poss
6	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 flattening	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 flap	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 flap	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 flap	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 flap	advmod
11	flap	flap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 glide	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glide	present	They						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	flatten	gerund	They not said here	their bodies					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Patient
3	not flap	can	bodies = body						vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

No snake ever leaves the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 snake	det
2	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leaves	nsubj
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 leaves	advmod
4	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ground	det
6	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leaves	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	no snake	the ground			ever		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/161-borneo-orangutans-proboscis-monkeys-and-the-biggest-flower/t4/