Exam question 3 · Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of the tarsier?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: diet

This is exam question 3 of lesson 162 «Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 diet	det
10	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 tarsier	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 tarsier	det
13	tarsier	tarsier	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 diet	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the diet of the tarsier				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It consumes the nectar of flowers exclusively

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consumes	nsubj
2	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 nectar	det
4	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 flowers	case
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 nectar	nmod
7	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 consumes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	It	the nectar of flowers				exclusively property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nectar=Asset

Option 2

It consumes grasses exclusively

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consumes	nsubj
2	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	grasses	grass	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consumes	obj
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 consumes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	It	grasses				exclusively property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Asset

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It consumes animal prey exclusively, such as insects and small lizards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consumes	nsubj
2	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prey	compound
4	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumes	obj
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 consumes	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 insects	punct
7	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	9 insects	case
8	as	as	ADP	_	7 such	fixed
9	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consumes	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 lizards	cc
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 lizards	amod
12	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 insects	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	It	animal prey				exclusively property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Asset

Option 4

It consumes fruit and the young leaves of trees exclusively, and never any animal

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consumes	nsubj
2	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumes	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 leaves	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 leaves	det
6	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 leaves	amod
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fruit	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 trees	case
9	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 leaves	nmod
10	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 consumes	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 animal	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 animal	cc
13	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	15 animal	advmod
14	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	15 animal	det
15	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumes	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	It	fruit and the young leaves of trees				exclusively property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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