Exam question 3 · Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, tail · To what, where: social organisation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 163 «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 organisation	det
10	social	social	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 organisation	amod
11	organisation	organisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	17 lemur	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 lemur	det
14	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 tailed	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 ring	punct
16	tailed	tail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 lemur	amod
17	lemur	lemur	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 organisation	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the social organisation of the tailed lemur	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	tail	participle			vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Leadership is assumed by the youngest animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leadership	leadership	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 assumed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 assumed	aux:pass
3	assumed	assume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 animals	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 animals	det
6	youngest	young	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 animals	amod
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 assumed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assume	present · passive	the youngest animals	Leadership					vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 2

A single male is selected as king of the group

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 male	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 male	amod
3	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 selected	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 selected	aux:pass
5	selected	select	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	as	as	ADP	_	7 king	case
7	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 selected	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 group	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 group	det
10	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 king	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	present · passive		a single male				as king of the group	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme as king=Attribute

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Females occupy the position of leadership within the group

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 occupy	nsubj
2	occupy	occupy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 position	det
4	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 occupy	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 leadership	case
6	leadership	leadership	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 position	nmod
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 group	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 group	det
9	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 occupy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occupy	present	Females	the position of leadership				within the group	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus position=Experiencer

Option 4

No individual exercises any leadership

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 individual	det
2	individual	individual	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exercises	nsubj
3	exercises	exercise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 leadership	det
5	leadership	leadership	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exercises	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exercise	present	no individual	any leadership					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leadership=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/163-madagascar-lemurs-of-every-kind-and-the-fossa/e3/