Test 5 · ★ · Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa

«my mate reckons lemurs are just monkeys» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, lemurs · What happens: reckon, be · To what, where: monkeys · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 163 «Madagascar: lemurs of every kind and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 reckons	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mate	nmod:poss
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reckons	nsubj
4	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 monkeys	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 monkeys	cop
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 monkeys	advmod
8	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reckons	obj
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 monkeys	punct
10	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 right	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 right	cop
12	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reckons	parataxis
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	reckon in a quote	present	my mate			vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	is a in a quote	present	lemurs	monkeys		tree rules
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, lemurs are a kind of cat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 kind	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kind	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 kind	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 kind	det
6	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 cat	case
8	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	lemurs	a kind				of cat	tree rules

Option 2

No, lemurs are rodents, like squirrels and rats, that live in trees

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 lemurs	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rodents	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rodents	cop
5	rodents	rodent	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 squirrels	punct
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 squirrels	case
8	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rodents	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 rats	cc
10	rats	rat	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 rodents	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 live	punct
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 live	nsubj
13	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 rodents	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 trees	case
15	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	lemurs	rodents and squirrels and rats					tree rules
2	live	present	that			trees			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tree=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are primates, but lemurs are a separate branch, not monkeys

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 primates	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 primates	cop
3	primates	primate	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 branch	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 branch	cc
6	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 branch	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 branch	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 branch	det
9	separate	separate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 branch	amod
10	branch	branch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 primates	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 monkeys	punct
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 monkeys	advmod
13	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 primates	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	primates and monkeys					tree rules
2	is a	present	lemurs	a separate branch					tree rules

Option 4

Yes, every lemur is a monkey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 monkey	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 lemur	det
4	lemur	lemur	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 monkey	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 monkey	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 monkey	det
7	monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	every lemur	a monkey					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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