Test 1 · ★ · Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baoba…

In a cartoon a chameleon on a chessboard turns into black and white squares. What is real?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: chameleon · What happens: turn, be · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 164 «Madagascar: chameleons, leaf-tailed geckos, tenrecs, baobabs and a moth Darwin predicted» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a chameleon on a chessboard turns into black and white squares.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 turns	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 chameleon	det
5	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 turns	nsubj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 chessboard	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 chessboard	det
8	chessboard	chessboard	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 chameleon	nmod
9	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	into	into	ADP	_	14 squares	case
11	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 squares	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 white	cc
13	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 black	conj
14	squares	square	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 turns	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 turns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	a chameleon on a chessboard			a cartoon		into black squares	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Source into square=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is real?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 real	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 real	cop
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 real	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						real property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Real chameleons change colour mostly for mood and warmth, not to copy patterns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 chameleons	amod
2	chameleons	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 change	nsubj
3	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obj
5	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	3 change	advmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 mood	case
7	mood	mood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 warmth	cc
9	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mood	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 copy	punct
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 copy	advmod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 copy	mark
13	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 change	parataxis
14	patterns	pattern	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 copy	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Real chameleons	colour				for mood and warmth; mostly property	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent colour=Theme for mood=Co-Theme
2	not copy	to-infinitive		patterns					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Theme

Option 2

They really copy any pattern

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 copy	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	3 copy	advmod
3	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 pattern	det
5	pattern	pattern	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 copy	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	present	They	any pattern					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Theme

Option 3

Chameleons cannot change colour at all; that only happens in cartoons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chameleons	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 change	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 change	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 change	advmod
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 change	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 change	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 happens	punct
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 happens	nsubj
10	only	only	ADV	_	11 happens	advmod
11	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 change	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 cartoons	case
13	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 happens	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not change	can	Chameleons	colour		all			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient
2	happen	present	that			cartoons			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Location

Option 4

They only change colour in their sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 change	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 change	advmod
3	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 sleep	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 sleep	nmod:poss
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	They	colour		their sleep			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient
2	sleep		their = they						nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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