Test 3 · The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils…

In a cartoon a kangaroo is a boxing champion who punches with gloves. What is true of real red kangaroos?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: kangaroo, boxing champion · What happens: be, punch · To what, where: boxing champion, cartoon

This is test 3 of lesson 165 «The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a kangaroo is a boxing champion who punches with gloves.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 champion	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 kangaroo	det
5	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 champion	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 champion	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 champion	det
8	boxing	boxing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 champion	compound
9	champion	champion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 punches	nsubj
11	punches	punch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 champion	acl:relcl
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 gloves	case
13	gloves	glove	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 punches	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 champion	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a kangaroo	a boxing champion		a cartoon			tree rules
2	punch	present	a boxing champion					with gloves	vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with glove=Instrument

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true of real red kangaroos?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 kangaroos	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 kangaroos	amod
6	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 kangaroos	amod
7	kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						of real red kangaroos; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

They punch only with their tails, which is why the tails are so thick and strong

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 punch	nsubj
2	punch	punch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 tails	advmod
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 tails	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 tails	nmod:poss
6	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 punch	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 why	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 why	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 why	cop
10	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 tails	acl:relcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 tails	det
12	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 thick	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 thick	cop
14	so	so	ADV	_	15 thick	advmod
15	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 why	advcl:relcl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 strong	cc
17	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 thick	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	punch	present	They	with their tails	vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with tail=Instrument
2	is	present	their tails	why property	tree rules
3	is	present	the tails	thick property	tree rules
4	be		the tails not said here		tree rules

Option 2

They never fight at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fight	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 fight	advmod
3	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 fight	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not fight	present	They			all			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Males do wrestle and kick with strong back legs, but no gloves or rings

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 wrestle	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrestle	aux
3	wrestle	wrestle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 kick	cc
5	kick	kick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 wrestle	conj
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 legs	case
7	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 legs	amod
8	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 legs	compound
9	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 kick	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 gloves	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 gloves	cc
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 gloves	det
13	gloves	glove	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 wrestle	obl
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 rings	cc
15	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 gloves	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wrestle	present · do-support	Males	no gloves or rings					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	kick	infinitive	Males not said here					with strong back legs	vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with leg=Instrument

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

They wear gloves in the wild

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 wear	nsubj
2	wear	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gloves	glove	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wear	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 wild	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wild	det
6	wild	wild	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wear	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	present	They	gloves		the wild			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/165-the-australian-outback-kangaroos-emus-thorny-devils-and-runaway-toads/t3/