Exam question 3 · The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and…
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises permafrost?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: permafrost
This is exam question 3 of lesson 168 «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | permafrost | permafrost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 10 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | permafrost | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
A species of lichen of the tundra
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 species | det |
| 2 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 lichen | case |
| 4 | lichen | lichen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 species | nmod |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 tundra | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tundra | det |
| 7 | tundra | tundra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lichen | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
Snow which falls exclusively during the summer
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 falls | nsubj |
| 3 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Snow | acl:relcl |
| 4 | exclusively | exclusively | ADV | _ | 3 falls | advmod |
| 5 | during | during | ADP | _ | 7 summer | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 summer | det |
| 7 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 falls | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | present | Snow | summer | exclusively property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
Sea ice which forms in the winter months
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ice | compound |
| 2 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 forms | nsubj |
| 4 | forms | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 ice | acl:relcl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 months | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 months | det |
| 7 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 months | compound |
| 8 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 forms | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | Sea ice | month | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Ground which remains frozen throughout the entire year
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 remains | nsubj |
| 3 | remains | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 frozen | aux:pass |
| 4 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 8 year | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 year | det |
| 7 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 year | amod |
| 8 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 frozen | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | present · passive | Ground | year | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/e3/