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Test 11 · ★ · The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and…

A caterpillar froze solid in winter and crawls away in summer. How is that possible?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: caterpillar, that · What happens: freeze, crawl away, be

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 168 «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A caterpillar froze solid in winter and crawls away in summer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 caterpillar	det
2	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 froze	nsubj
3	froze	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 froze	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 winter	case
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 froze	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 crawls	cc
8	crawls	crawl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 froze	conj
9	away	away	ADV	_	8 crawls	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 summer	case
11	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 crawls	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 froze	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	past	a caterpillar				winter	solid property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	crawl away	present	a caterpillar not said here				summer	away property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How is that possible?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 possible	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 possible	cop
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 possible	nsubj
4	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 possible	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that					possible property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It was a plastic toy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 toy	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 toy	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 toy	det
4	plastic	plastic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 toy	amod
5	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a plastic toy					tree rules

Option 2

It never really froze

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 really	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 really	advmod
3	really	really	ADV	_	root	root
4	froze	froze	PUNCT	_	3 really	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is a different caterpillar each time, hatched from new eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 caterpillar	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caterpillar	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 caterpillar	det
4	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 caterpillar	amod
5	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 time	det
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caterpillar	obl:unmarked
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 hatched	punct
9	hatched	hatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 caterpillar	acl:relcl
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 eggs	case
11	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 eggs	amod
12	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 hatched	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a different caterpillar			time		tree rules
2	hatch	past	a different caterpillar not said here					from new eggs	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from egg=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The Arctic woolly bear caterpillar survives freezing and thawing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 caterpillar	det
2	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 caterpillar	amod
3	woolly	woolly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 caterpillar	amod
4	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caterpillar	compound
5	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 survives	nsubj
6	survives	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 survives	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 thawing	cc
9	thawing	thawing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freezing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survive	present	the Arctic woolly bear caterpillar	freezing and thawing					vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme freezing=Circumstance

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/t11/