Exam question 1 · The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark a…

Identify the principal method by which the age of the Greenland shark has been estimated.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principal method · What happens: identify, estimate · To what, where: principal method, age

This is exam question 1 of lesson 169 «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 method	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 method	amod
4	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 estimated	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 age	det
8	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 estimated	nsubj:pass
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 shark	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shark	det
11	Greenland	Greenland	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 shark	compound
12	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 age	nmod
13	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 estimated	aux
14	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	15 estimated	aux:pass
15	estimated	estimate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 method	acl:relcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal method					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent method=Theme
2	estimate	present · perfect · passive	the principal method	the age of the Greenland shark					vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent subject=Value

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The testimony of fishermen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 testimony	det
2	testimony	testimony	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 fishermen	case
4	fishermen	fisherman	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 testimony	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	testify		fishermen						nom testimony «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The analysis of a radiocarbon record contained within the lens of the eye

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 analysis	det
2	analysis	analysis	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 record	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 record	det
5	radiocarbon	radiocarbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 record	compound
6	record	record	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 analysis	nmod
7	contained	contain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 record	acl
8	within	within	ADP	_	10 lens	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lens	det
10	lens	lens	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 contained	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 eye	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 eye	det
13	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lens	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	participle		a radiocarbon record not said here				within the lens of the eye	vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	analyze			a radiocarbon record					nom analysis «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The measurement of its weight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 measurement	det
2	measurement	measurement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 weight	case
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 weight	nmod:poss
5	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 measurement	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure			measurement's weight					nom measurement «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The enumeration of the rings within its teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 enumeration	det
2	enumeration	enumeration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 rings	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rings	det
5	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 enumeration	nmod
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 teeth	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 teeth	nmod:poss
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 enumeration	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enumerate			the rings				within enumeration's teeth	nom enumeration «communication transitive»: of=patient within=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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