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Test 11 · ★ · Coral reef builders: polyps, bleaching, sand from parrotfi…

Divers pull hundreds of crown-of-thorns starfish off a reef. Why?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Divers · What happens: pull, crown · To what, where: hundreds, reef, thorns

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 172 «Coral reef builders: polyps, bleaching, sand from parrotfish and giant clams» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Divers pull hundreds of crown-of-thorns starfish off a reef.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Divers	diver	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pull	nsubj
2	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pull	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	10 starfish	case
5	crown	crown	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 starfish	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 thorns	punct
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 thorns	case
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 of	punct
9	thorns	thorn	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 crown	nmod
10	starfish	starfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hundreds	nmod
11	off	off	ADP	_	13 reef	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 reef	det
13	reef	reef	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pull	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pull	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	Divers	hundreds of crown starfish		a reef			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme off reef=Initial_Location
2	crown			thorns					nom crown «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

The starfish block out the sunlight that the reef fish need to see

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 starfish	det
2	starfish	starfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 block	nsubj
3	block	block	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 block	compound:prt
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sunlight	det
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 block	obj
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 need	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 reef	det
9	reef	reef	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fish	compound
10	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 need	nsubj
11	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 block	advcl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 see	mark
13	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 need	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	block out	present	the starfish	the sunlight					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer sunlight=Theme
2	need	present	reef fish						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	see not said to happen	to-infinitive	reef fish not said here						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The starfish come in huge numbers and eat the living coral

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 starfish	det
2	starfish	starfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 numbers	case
5	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 numbers	amod
6	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 eat	cc
8	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 come	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 coral	det
10	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 coral	compound
11	coral	coral	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	the starfish			huge numbers			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in number=Location
2	eat	present	the starfish not said here	the living coral					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coral=Patient

Option 3

They want to eat them for dinner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 want	nsubj
2	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 eat	mark
4	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 want	xcomp
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 eat	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 dinner	case
7	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	They						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	eat not said to happen	to-infinitive	They not said here	them = they				for dinner	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 4

Starfish are endangered and need saving by divers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Starfish	starfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 endangered	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 endangered	cop
3	endangered	endangered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 need	cc
5	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 endangered	conj
6	saving	save	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 need	xcomp
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 divers	case
8	divers	diver	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 saving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Starfish					endangered property	tree rules
2	need	present	Starfish not said here						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	save not said to happen	gerund	Starfish not said here					by divers	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/172-coral-reef-builders-polyps-bleaching-sand-from-parrotfish-and-giant-clams/t11/