Test 2 · ★ · The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest…

Why do so many animals swim up only at night and not by day?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: many animals · What happens: swim up

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 175 «The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 swim	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 swim	aux
3	so	so	ADV	_	6 swim	advmod
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 animals	amod
5	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 swim	nsubj
6	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 swim	compound:prt
8	only	only	ADV	_	10 night	advmod
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 night	case
10	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 swim	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 day	cc
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 day	advmod
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 day	case
14	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 night	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 swim	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim up	present · do-support	many animals				night		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The surface water is colder by day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 water	det
2	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 water	compound
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colder	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 colder	cop
5	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 day	case
7	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the surface water				day	cold property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Sunlight burns them in seconds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 burns	nsubj
2	burns	burn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 burns	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 seconds	case
5	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 burns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burn	present	Sunlight	them = they			second		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

In the dark it is harder for hunters near the surface to see them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 dark	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 dark	det
3	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 harder	obl
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 harder	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 harder	cop
6	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 hunters	case
8	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 harder	obl
9	near	near	ADP	_	11 surface	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 surface	det
11	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hunters	nmod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 see	mark
13	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 harder	csubj
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	it			the dark		for hunters near the surface; hard property	tree rules
2	see	to-infinitive		hunters = hunter					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus

Option 4

They cannot swim during the day, so they lie still on the bottom till dark

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 swim	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 swim	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 swim	advmod
4	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	during	during	ADP	_	7 day	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 day	det
7	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 swim	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 lie	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 lie	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 lie	nsubj
11	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 swim	parataxis
12	still	still	ADV	_	11 lie	advmod
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 bottom	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bottom	det
15	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lie	obl
16	till	till	ADP	_	17 dark	case
17	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not swim	can	They				till dark; day		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	lie	present	they			the bottom	still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bottom=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/t2/