Test 8 · ★ · Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish an…

An archerfish shoots at a beetle on a leaf above the water. Why does it not aim where the beetle seems to be?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: archerfish, beetle · What happens: shoot, not aim, seem, be · To what, where: leaf

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An archerfish shoots at a beetle on a leaf above the water.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 archerfish	det
2	archerfish	archerfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shoots	nsubj
3	shoots	shoot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 beetle	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 beetle	det
6	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shoots	obl
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 leaf	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 leaf	det
9	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shoots	obl
10	above	above	ADP	_	12 water	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 water	det
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 leaf	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shoots	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shoot	present	a archerfish			a leaf above the water		at a beetle	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at beetle=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why does it not aim where the beetle seems to be?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 aim	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 aim	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 aim	nsubj
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 aim	advmod
5	aim	aim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	9 seems	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 beetle	det
8	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 seems	nsubj
9	seems	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 aim	advcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 be	mark
11	be	be	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 seems	xcomp
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 aim	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	not aim	present · do-support	archerfish	vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	seem	present	the beetle	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
3	be	to-infinitive	the beetle not said here	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

It cannot see the beetle at all from under the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 see	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 see	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 see	advmod
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 beetle	det
6	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 see	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 see	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	12 water	case
10	under	under	ADP	_	12 water	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 water	det
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	can	It	the beetle		all		from the water	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beetle=Stimulus

Option 2

It wants to miss on purpose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 wants	nsubj
2	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 miss	mark
4	miss	miss	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 wants	xcomp
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 purpose	case
6	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 miss	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	It						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	miss not said to happen	to-infinitive				purpose			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Water bends light, so the beetle looks in the wrong place

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bends	nsubj
2	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bends	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 looks	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 looks	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 beetle	det
7	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 looks	nsubj
8	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bends	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 place	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 place	det
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 place	amod
12	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 looks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	present	Water	light					vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material
2	look	present	the beetle					in the wrong place	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in place=Theme

Option 4

Water makes everything look bigger only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 makes	obj
4	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 look	xcomp
6	only	only	ADV	_	4 look	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Water	everything					tree rules
2	look	infinitive	everything not said here					big property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/t8/