Exam question 3 · Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a se…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the glowworms of the Waitomo Caves?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: glowworms

This is exam question 3 of lesson 179 «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 glowworms	det
10	glowworms	glowworm	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 Caves	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Caves	det
13	Waitomo	Waitomo	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Caves	compound
14	Caves	Cave	PROPN	Number=Plur	10 glowworms	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the glowworms of the Waitomo Caves				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are lamps installed for the benefit of visitors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lamps	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lamps	cop
3	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	installed	install	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 lamps	acl
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 benefit	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 benefit	det
7	benefit	benefit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 installed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 visitors	case
9	visitors	visitor	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 benefit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	lamps					tree rules
2	install	participle		lamps not said here				for the benefit of visitors	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They are luminous minerals within the rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 minerals	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 minerals	cop
3	luminous	luminous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 minerals	amod
4	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 rock	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rock	det
7	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 minerals	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	luminous minerals				within the rock	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are fly larvae which emit light to lure insects into sticky threads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 larvae	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 larvae	cop
3	fly	fly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 larvae	amod
4	larvae	larva	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 emit	nsubj
6	emit	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 larvae	acl:relcl
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 emit	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 lure	mark
9	lure	lure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 emit	advcl
10	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lure	obj
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 threads	case
12	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 threads	amod
13	threads	thread	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lure	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	fly larvae		tree rules
2	emit	present	fly larvae	light		vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme
3	lure	to-infinitive	fly larvae not said here	insects	into sticky threads result	vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent insect=Patient into thread=Result

Option 4

They are earthworms that glow when touched

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 earthworms	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 earthworms	cop
3	earthworms	earthworm	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 glow	nsubj
5	glow	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 earthworms	acl:relcl
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 touched	advmod
7	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 glow	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	They	earthworms	tree rules
2	glow	present	earthworms		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	touch	participle	earthworms not said here		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/e3/