Exam question 1 · The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides…

Identify the members of the pride by whom the greater part of the hunting is undertaken.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, members · What happens: identify, undertake, pride · To what, where: members, greater part

This is exam question 1 of lesson 18 «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 members	det
3	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 pride	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pride	det
6	pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 members	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 whom	case
8	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 pride	nmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 part	det
10	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 part	amod
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 undertaken	nsubj:pass
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 hunting	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 hunting	det
14	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 part	nmod
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 undertaken	aux:pass
16	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 whom	acl:relcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the members of the pride by the members of the pride by the members	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent member=Theme
2	undertake	present · passive		the greater part of the hunting	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
3	pride		the members of the pride by the members of the pride		nom pride «feeling transitive»: by=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The adult males, acting individually

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 males	det
2	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 males	amod
3	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 acting	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 males	punct
5	acting	act	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	individually	individually	ADV	_	5 acting	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act	gerund	the adult males					individually property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Every member hunts independently and in isolation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 member	det
2	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	nsubj
3	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	independently	independently	ADV	_	3 hunts	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 isolation	cc
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 isolation	case
7	isolation	isolation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 independently	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	every member					independently property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The cubs, under the supervision of the males

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cubs	det
2	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 supervision	punct
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 supervision	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 supervision	det
6	supervision	supervision	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cubs	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 males	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 males	det
9	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 supervision	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supervise			the males					nom supervision «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The lionesses, acting in concert as a team

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lionesses	det
2	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 acting	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 acting	punct
4	acting	act	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	in	in	ADV	_	4 acting	advmod
6	concert	concert	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acting	obj
7	as	as	ADP	_	9 team	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 team	det
9	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act	gerund	the lionesses	concert				as a team	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent concert=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/e1/