Exam question 4 · The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides…
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the social organisation of lions.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, social organisation
This is exam question 4 of lesson 18 «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Select | select | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 response | det |
| 3 | response | response | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Select | obj |
| 4 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Select | xcomp |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 facts | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 facts | det |
| 7 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 facts | amod |
| 8 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 consistent | obl |
| 9 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 facts | acl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 organisation | det |
| 11 | social | social | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 organisation | amod |
| 12 | organisation | organisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 concerning | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 lions | case |
| 14 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 organisation | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Select | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | imperative | you not said here | the response | consistent property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme | |||
| 2 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 3 | concern | gerund | the established facts not said here | the social organisation of lions | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus organisation=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Lions are the only truly social cats, living in prides of related females with cubs and a few males
The tree, 19 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 cats | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cats | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 cats | det |
| 4 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 cats | amod |
| 5 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 6 social | advmod |
| 6 | social | social | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 cats | amod |
| 7 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 living | punct |
| 9 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 cats | acl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 prides | case |
| 11 | prides | pride | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 living | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 females | case |
| 13 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 females | amod |
| 14 | females | female | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 prides | nmod |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 cubs | case |
| 16 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 females | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 males | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 males | det |
| 19 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 males | amod |
| 20 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 prides | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Lions | the only social cats | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | gerund | the only social cats not said here | prides of related females with cubs and a few males | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pride=Location | ||||
| 3 | pride | related females with cubs | nom pride «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
Option 2
Lions live solitary lives and meet only to fight
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | solitary | solitary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 lives | amod |
| 4 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 meet | cc |
| 6 | meet | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 live | conj |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 fight | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 fight | mark |
| 9 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 meet | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Lions | solitary lives | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location | ||||
| 2 | meet | present | Lions not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | fight | to-infinitive | Lions not said here | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
Lions live in pairs that remain together for life
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 pairs | case |
| 4 | pairs | pair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 remain | nsubj |
| 6 | remain | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 pairs | acl:relcl |
| 7 | together | together | ADV | _ | 6 remain | advmod |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 life | case |
| 9 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 remain | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Lions | pairs | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location | ||||
| 2 | remain | present | pairs | for life; together property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Lions form great herds that migrate with the zebras across the plains each year, led by one male
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 form | nsubj |
| 2 | form | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 herds | amod |
| 4 | herds | herd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 form | obj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 migrate | nsubj |
| 6 | migrate | migrate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 herds | acl:relcl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 zebras | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 zebras | det |
| 9 | zebras | zebra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 migrate | obl |
| 10 | across | across | ADP | _ | 12 plains | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 plains | det |
| 12 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 migrate | obl |
| 13 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 year | det |
| 14 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 migrate | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 led | punct |
| 16 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 herds | acl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 male | case |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 male | nummod |
| 19 | male | male | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 led | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | Lions | great herds | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location herd=Theme | ||||
| 2 | migrate | present | great herds | the plains | year | with the zebras | tree rules | ||
| 3 | lead | participle | great herds not said here | by one male | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by male=Destination |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/e4/