Exam question 1 · The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finc…

Identify the characteristic which distinguishes the marine iguana from all other lizards.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, characteristic · What happens: identify, distinguish · To what, where: characteristic, marine iguana

This is exam question 1 of lesson 180 «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 characteristic	det
3	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 distinguishes	nsubj
5	distinguishes	distinguish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 characteristic	acl:relcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 iguana	det
7	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 iguana	amod
8	iguana	iguana	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 distinguishes	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	12 lizards	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 lizards	det
11	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 lizards	amod
12	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 distinguishes	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the characteristic					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent characteristic=Theme
2	distinguish	present	the characteristic	the marine iguana				from all other lizards	vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent iguana=Theme from lizard=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It alone consumes fish exclusively

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 consumes	nsubj
2	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 consumes	advmod
3	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consumes	obj
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 consumes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	It	fish				alone, exclusively property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Asset

Option 2

It alone is capable of flight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 capable	nsubj
2	alone	alone	ADV	_	1 It	advmod
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 capable	cop
4	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 flight	case
6	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 capable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					of flight; capable property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It alone swims in the sea and feeds there upon seaweed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 swims	nsubj
2	alone	alone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 swims	amod
3	swims	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swims	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 feeds	cc
8	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 swims	conj
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 feeds	advmod
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 seaweed	case
11	seaweed	seaweed	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	present	It			the sea			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory
2	feed	present				there		upon seaweed	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It alone inhabits polar ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 inhabits	nsubj
2	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 inhabits	advmod
3	inhabits	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ice	amod
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inhabits	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	It	polar ice				alone property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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