Test 9 · ★★ · The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finc…

«those birds have tiny wings, they must be babies» What is more likely on the Galápagos?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: birds, babies · What happens: have, be · To what, where: tiny wings, babies, Galápagos

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 180 «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 have	punct
2	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	3 birds	det
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 babies	parataxis
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 wings	amod
6	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 have	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 babies	nsubj
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 babies	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 babies	cop
11	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 likely	nsubj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 babies	punct
13	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	16 likely	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 likely	cop
15	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	16 likely	advmod
16	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
17	on	on	ADP	_	19 Galápagos	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Galápagos	det
19	Galápagos	Galápagos	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 likely	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	16 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have in a quote	present	that birds	tiny wings			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient
2	is a in a quote	must	birds = bird	babies			tree rules
3	is	present	babies		the Galápagos	likely property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Bats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Penguins in disguise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	3 disguise	case
3	disguise	disguise	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Penguins	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Babies that will grow huge wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 grow	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 grow	aux
4	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Babies	acl:relcl
5	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 wings	amod
6	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	future	Babies	huge wings					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They are flightless cormorants, whose wings shrank over generations

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cormorants	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cormorants	cop
3	flightless	flightless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cormorants	amod
4	cormorants	cormorant	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 shrank	punct
6	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	7 wings	nmod:poss
7	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 shrank	nsubj
8	shrank	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 cormorants	conj
9	over	over	ADP	_	10 generations	case
10	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 shrank	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	flightless cormorants					tree rules
2	shrink	past	wings				over generations		vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/t9/