Exam question 3 · Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant…
Ascertain the reason for which the Okavango Delta is inundated during the dry season.
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, inundate · To what, where: reason, Okavango Delta
This is exam question 3 of lesson 184 «Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 reason | det |
| 3 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 inundated | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Delta | det |
| 7 | Okavango | Okavango | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Delta | compound |
| 8 | Delta | Delta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 inundated | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 inundated | aux:pass |
| 10 | inundated | inundate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 reason | acl:relcl |
| 11 | during | during | ADP | _ | 14 season | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 season | det |
| 13 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 season | amod |
| 14 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 inundated | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the reason | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | ||||
| 2 | inundate | present · passive | the Okavango Delta | season | for the reason | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Rainfall occurs there exclusively in the dry season
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rainfall | rainfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 occurs | nsubj |
| 2 | occurs | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 occurs | advmod |
| 4 | exclusively | exclusively | ADV | _ | 2 occurs | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 season | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 season | det |
| 7 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 season | amod |
| 8 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 occurs | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | occur | present | Rainfall | there | season | exclusively property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Precipitation falling at a great distance requires months to flow down to the delta
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Precipitation | precipitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 requires | nsubj |
| 2 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Precipitation | acl |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 distance | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 distance | det |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 distance | amod |
| 6 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 falling | obl |
| 7 | requires | require | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 requires | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 flow | mark |
| 10 | flow | flow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 requires | xcomp |
| 11 | down | down | ADV | _ | 10 flow | advmod |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 delta | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 delta | det |
| 14 | delta | delta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 flow | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | gerund | Precipitation not said here | at a great distance | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at distance=Location | ||||
| 2 | require | present | Precipitation | month | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | ||||
| 3 | flow down | to-infinitive | Precipitation not said here | to the delta; down property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
Sea water enters the delta from the coast
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 water | compound |
| 2 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 enters | nsubj |
| 3 | enters | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 delta | det |
| 5 | delta | delta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 enters | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 coast | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 coast | det |
| 8 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 enters | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enter | present | Sea water | the delta | the coast | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme delta=Destination |
Option 4
The flood is caused by melting snow upon the delta
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 flood | det |
| 2 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caused | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 caused | aux:pass |
| 4 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 6 melting | mark |
| 6 | melting | melt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 caused | advcl |
| 7 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 melting | obj |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 10 delta | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 delta | det |
| 10 | delta | delta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 melting | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · passive | the flood | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | melt | gerund | snow | upon the delta | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient snow=Result |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/e3/