Exam question 2 · Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous

Ascertain the means by which antivenom is produced.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the · What happens: ascertain, mean, produce · To what, where: antivenom · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 188 «Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	ccomp
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 produced	mark
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 antivenom	det
6	antivenom	antivenom	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 produced	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 produced	aux:pass
8	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 means	ccomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here		vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	the		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	produce	present · passive		which antivenom	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Minute quantities of venom are administered to horses or sheep, whose blood produces antibodies

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Minute	minute	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 quantities	amod
2	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 administered	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 venom	case
4	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 quantities	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 administered	aux:pass
6	administered	administer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 horses	case
8	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 administered	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 sheep	cc
10	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 horses	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 produces	punct
12	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	13 blood	nmod:poss
13	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 produces	nsubj
14	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 administered	conj
15	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 produces	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	administer	present · passive		Minute quantities of venom	horses or sheep				vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to horse=Recipient
2	produce	present	blood	antibodies					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antibody=Result

Option 2

It is extracted directly from the leaves of plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 extracted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 extracted	aux:pass
3	extracted	extract	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	directly	directly	ADV	_	3 extracted	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 leaves	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 leaves	det
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 extracted	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 plants	case
9	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 leaves	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extract	present · passive		It		the leaves of plants		directly property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from leaf=Initial_Location

Option 3

Venom is combined with sugar and dried

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 combined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 combined	aux:pass
3	combined	combine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 sugar	case
5	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 combined	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 dried	cc
7	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 combined	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	combine	present · passive		Venom				with sugar	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with sugar=Co-Patient
2	dry	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Venom is boiled until rendered harmless

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 boiled	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 boiled	aux:pass
3	boiled	boil	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	until	until	SCONJ	_	5 rendered	mark
5	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 boiled	advcl
6	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rendered	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	boil	present · passive		Venom					vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	render	participle						harmless property	vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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