Exam question 2 · Masters of camouflage

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the camouflage of the tiger in relation to deer?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: camouflage

This is exam question 2 of lesson 189 «Masters of camouflage» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 camouflage	det
10	camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 tiger	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 tiger	det
13	tiger	tiger	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 camouflage	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 relation	case
15	relation	relation	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 tiger	nmod
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 deer	case
17	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the camouflage of the tiger in relation				of the following statements; to deer; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It relies upon remaining entirely invisible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 relies	nsubj
2	relies	rely	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	4 remaining	mark
4	remaining	remain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 relies	advcl
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	6 invisible	advmod
6	invisible	invisible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 remaining	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rely	present	It						vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	remain	gerund						invisible property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its stripes disrupt its outline, and deer, unable to perceive orange well, see it as blending with vegetation

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 stripes	nmod:poss
2	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 disrupt	nsubj
3	disrupt	disrupt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 outline	nmod:poss
5	outline	outline	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 disrupt	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 deer	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 deer	cc
8	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 disrupt	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 unable	punct
10	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 disrupt	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 perceive	mark
12	perceive	perceive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 unable	xcomp
13	orange	orange	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 perceive	obj
14	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 perceive	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 see	punct
16	see	see	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 disrupt	conj
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 see	obj
18	as	as	SCONJ	_	19 blending	mark
19	blending	blend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 see	advcl
20	with	with	ADP	_	21 vegetation	case
21	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 blending	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	disrupt	present	Its stripes	its outline	deer obl	tree rules
2	perceive	to-infinitive	Its stripes not said here	orange	well property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer orange=Stimulus
3	see	infinitive	Its stripes not said here	orange		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
4	blend	gerund	Its stripes not said here		with vegetation	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with vegetation=Co-Patient

Option 3

Deer perceive orange more vividly than human beings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 perceive	nsubj
2	perceive	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	orange	orange	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 perceive	obj
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 vividly	advmod
5	vividly	vividly	ADV	_	2 perceive	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 beings	case
7	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 beings	amod
8	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 vividly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	Deer	orange				vividly property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer orange=Stimulus

Option 4

The stripes serve exclusively to regulate temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stripes	det
2	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 serve	nsubj
3	serve	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 serve	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 regulate	mark
6	regulate	regulate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 serve	advcl
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 regulate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	the stripes					exclusively property	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
2	regulate	to-infinitive	the stripes not said here	temperature					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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