Exam question 2 · Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and anima…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the discovery of the olinguito?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, discover · To what, where: discovery, olinguito

This is exam question 2 of lesson 190 «Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and animals found in drawers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 discovery	det
10	discovery	discovery	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 olinguito	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 olinguito	det
13	olinguito	olinguito	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 discovery	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the discovery of the olinguito	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	discover		the olinguito		nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It was discovered in 1902 by explorers in Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 discovered	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 discovered	aux:pass
3	discovered	discover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1902	case
5	1902	1902	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 discovered	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 explorers	case
7	explorers	explorer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 discovered	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Africa	case
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 explorers	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discover	past · passive	explorers in Africa	It		1902			vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 2

It was observed walking in a European capital

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 observed	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 observed	aux:pass
3	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	walking	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 observed	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 capital	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 capital	det
7	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 capital	amod
8	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	past · passive		It					tree rules
2	walk	gerund				a European capital			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in capital=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It was identified in 2013 through the examination of skins preserved in a museum

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 identified	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 identified	aux:pass
3	identified	identify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 2013	case
5	2013	2013	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 identified	obl
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 examination	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 examination	det
8	examination	examination	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 identified	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 skins	case
10	skins	skin	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 examination	nmod
11	preserved	preserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 skins	acl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 museum	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 museum	det
14	museum	museum	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 preserved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	past · passive	It	2013	through the examination of skins	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme
2	preserve	participle	skins not said here	a museum		vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
3	examine		skins			nom examination «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It was produced by breeding in captivity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 breeding	case
5	breeding	breeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 captivity	case
7	captivity	captivity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	past · passive	breeding	It		captivity			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers/e2/