Test 9 · ★ · Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and anima…

«a fisherman caught a fish that died with the dinosaurs!» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: fisherman, fish · What happens: catch, die, be · To what, where: fish

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 190 «Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and animals found in drawers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «a fisherman caught a fish that died with the dinosaurs!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 caught	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 fisherman	det
3	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caught	nsubj
4	caught	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 fish	det
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caught	obj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 died	nsubj
8	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 fish	acl:relcl
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 dinosaurs	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dinosaurs	det
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 died	obl
12	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 caught	punct
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 caught	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch in a quote	past	a fisherman	a fish					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
2	die in a quote	past	a fish					with the dinosaurs	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It was a stone fossil, not a fish, dug out of the rocks by the sea

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fossil	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 fossil	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fossil	det
4	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fossil	compound
5	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 fish	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 fish	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 fish	det
9	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fossil	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 dug	punct
11	dug	dig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 fossil	conj
12	out	out	ADP	_	15 rocks	case
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 rocks	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 rocks	det
15	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 dug	obl
16	by	by	ADP	_	18 sea	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sea	det
18	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dug	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a stone fossil and a fish					tree rules
2	dig out	participle		the rocks				by the sea	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rock=Theme by sea=Location

Option 2

It was a shark in disguise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 shark	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shark	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 shark	det
4	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 disguise	case
6	disguise	disguise	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shark	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a shark		disguise			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The coelacanth was thought extinct but was caught alive in 1938

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 coelacanth	det
2	coelacanth	coelacanth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thought	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 thought	aux:pass
4	thought	think	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 thought	xcomp
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 caught	cc
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 caught	aux:pass
8	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 thought	conj
9	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 caught	xcomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 1938	case
11	1938	1938	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 caught	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past · passive		the coelacanth				extinct property	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	catch	past · passive				1938		alive property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»

Option 4

It was a dinosaur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 dinosaur	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 dinosaur	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 dinosaur	det
4	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a dinosaur					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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