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Test 5 · ★ · Training a dog with rewards and patience

In a cartoon a dog learns a hard trick when the owner shouts «NO!» very loudly. What is true of real dogs?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: dog, owner · What happens: learn, shout, be · To what, where: hard trick, cartoon

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 195 «Training a dog with rewards and patience» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a dog learns a hard trick when the owner shouts «NO!» very loudly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 learns	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dog	det
5	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 learns	nsubj
6	learns	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 trick	det
8	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 trick	amod
9	trick	trick	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 learns	obj
10	when	when	SCONJ	_	13 shouts	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 owner	det
12	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 shouts	nsubj
13	shouts	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 learns	advcl
14	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 NO	punct
15	NO	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	13 shouts	discourse
16	!	!	PUNCT	_	15 NO	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 NO	punct
18	very	very	ADV	_	19 loudly	advmod
19	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	13 shouts	advmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 learns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present	a dog	a hard trick		a cartoon			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Topic
2	shout speech: express	present	the owner					loudly property	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true of real dogs?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 dogs	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 dogs	amod
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						of real dogs; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Real dogs learn only from cartoons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dogs	amod
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learn	nsubj
3	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 cartoons	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 cartoons	case
6	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present	Real dogs			cartoons			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from cartoon=Source

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Shouting and fear make dogs scared; rewards teach better

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shouting	shout	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 make	csubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 fear	cc
3	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Shouting	conj
4	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	obj
6	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 make	xcomp
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 teach	punct
8	rewards	reward	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 teach	nsubj
9	teach	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 make	conj
10	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 teach	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	gerund							vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	present	Shouting	dogs				scared property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dog=Product
3	teach speech: other	present	rewards					good property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Real dogs only learn when smacked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dogs	amod
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 learn	nsubj
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 learn	advmod
4	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 smacked	advmod
6	smacked	smack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 learn	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present	Real dogs						vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	smack	participle	Real dogs not said here						vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Shouting is the best way to teach, because the dog never forgets it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shouting	shouting	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 way	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 way	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 way	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 way	amod
5	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 teach	mark
7	teach	teach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 way	acl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 forgets	punct
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 forgets	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dog	det
11	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 forgets	nsubj
12	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	13 forgets	advmod
13	forgets	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 way	acl:relcl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 forgets	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Shouting	the best way					tree rules
2	teach speech: other	to-infinitive							vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not forget	present	the dog	Shouting					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/195-training-a-dog-with-rewards-and-patience/t5/