Exam question 2 · Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the so-called black panther?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, call · To what, where: black panther · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 panther	det
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 called	advmod
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 so	punct
12	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 panther	acl
13	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 panther	amod
14	panther	panther	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the black panther	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	call	participle	the black panther not said here		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

A leopard or jaguar bearing excess dark pigment, its spots remaining discernible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 leopard	det
2	leopard	leopard	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pigment	nsubj
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 jaguar	cc
4	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leopard	conj
5	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 pigment	nsubj
6	excess	excess	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pigment	nsubj
7	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 pigment	amod
8	pigment	pigment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 spots	punct
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 spots	nmod:poss
11	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 pigment	nmod
12	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 spots	acl
13	discernible	discernible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 remaining	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	gerund							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	remain	gerund	excess's spots not said here					discernible property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

A distinct species of cat, native to the jungle, entirely devoid of markings

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 species	det
2	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 species	amod
3	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 native	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 cat	case
5	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 species	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 native	punct
7	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 jungle	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 jungle	det
10	jungle	jungle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 native	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 devoid	punct
12	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	13 devoid	advmod
13	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 native	conj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 markings	case
15	markings	marking	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 devoid	obl

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

A hybrid of the lion and the domestic cat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hybrid	det
2	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 lion	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lion	det
5	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hybrid	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 cat	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cat	det
8	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cat	amod
9	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lion	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

A tiger in which the stripes have failed to develop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 tiger	det
2	tiger	tiger	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 failed	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 stripes	det
6	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 failed	nsubj:pass
7	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 failed	aux
8	failed	fail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 tiger	acl:relcl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 develop	mark
10	develop	develop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 failed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fail	present · perfect · passive		the stripes				in a tiger	tree rules
2	not develop	to-infinitive							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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