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Exam question 3 · The fish tank: water, gills, heaters and the right neighbo…

It is given that a large fish and several small fish are proposed to share a single aquarium. Ascertain the principal consideration.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, propose, share, ascertain · To what, where: It, large fish, single aquarium, principal consideration

This is exam question 3 of lesson 203 «The fish tank: water, gills, heaters and the right neighbours» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a large fish and several small fish are proposed to share a single aquarium.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 proposed	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fish	det
6	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 fish	amod
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 proposed	nsubj:pass
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fish	cc
9	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fish	amod
10	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fish	amod
11	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fish	conj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 proposed	aux:pass
13	proposed	propose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 share	mark
15	share	share	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 proposed	xcomp
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 aquarium	det
17	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 aquarium	amod
18	aquarium	aquarium	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 share	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	propose	present · passive		a large fish and several small fish					tree rules
3	share	to-infinitive		a single aquarium					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the principal consideration.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 consideration	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 consideration	amod
4	consideration	consideration	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal consideration					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consideration=Topic

The options

Option 1

Fish of differing colours are invariably hostile

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hostile	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 colours	case
3	differing	differing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colours	compound
4	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Fish	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hostile	cop
6	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	7 hostile	advmod
7	hostile	hostile	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fish of differing colours					hostile, invariably property	tree rules

Option 2

Small fish invariably consume large fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fish	amod
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consume	nsubj
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 consume	advmod
4	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fish	amod
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consume	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	Small fish	large fish				invariably property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Asset

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Any fish small enough to fit within the mouth of another may be consumed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	2 fish	det
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 consumed	nsubj:pass
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fish	amod
4	enough	enough	ADV	_	3 small	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fit	mark
6	fit	fit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 small	advcl
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 mouth	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 mouth	det
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fit	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 another	case
11	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	9 mouth	nmod
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 consumed	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 consumed	aux:pass
14	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fit	to-infinitive						within the mouth of another	vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	consume	may · passive		any fish					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset

Option 4

No consideration is required whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 consideration	det
2	consideration	consideration	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 required	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 required	aux:pass
4	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	4 required	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		no consideration				whatsoever property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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