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Test 9 · ★★ · Goldfish and pond fish: the three-second memory myth

«why are they all gasping at the top, are they bored?» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: they · What happens: gasp, be · To what, where: top · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 204 «Goldfish and pond fish: the three-second memory myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «why are they all gasping at the top, are they bored?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 gasping	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 gasping	advmod
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 gasping	aux
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 gasping	nsubj
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 gasping	nsubj
6	gasping	gasp	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 bored	csubj
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 top	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 top	det
9	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gasping	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 gasping	punct
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 bored	cop
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 bored	nsubj
13	bored	bored	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 bored	punct
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 bored	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gasp in a quote	present · progressive	they			the top			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	they					bored property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are practising jumping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 practising	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 practising	aux
3	practising	practise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	jumping	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 practising	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	practise	present · progressive	They						tree rules
2	jump	gerund	They not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

They want to see you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 want	nsubj
2	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 see	mark
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 want	xcomp
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	They						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	see not said to happen	to-infinitive	They not said here	you					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The water is short of oxygen, so change some water and check the filter

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 short	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	cop
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 oxygen	case
6	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 short	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 change	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 change	advmod
9	change	change	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 short	parataxis
10	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	11 water	det
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 change	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 check	cc
13	check	check	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	9 change	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 filter	det
15	filter	filter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 check	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the water					of oxygen; short property	tree rules
2	change	infinitive		some water					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
3	check	infinitive		the filter					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent filter=Theme

Option 4

It is a fish game in which the winner is whoever stays at the top the longest

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 game	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 game	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 game	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 game	compound
5	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 stays	obl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 winner	det
9	winner	winner	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stays	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 stays	cop
11	whoever	whoever	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 stays	nsubj
12	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 game	parataxis
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 top	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 top	det
15	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stays	obl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 longest	det
17	longest	long	ADJ	Degree=Sup	15 top	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a fish game					tree rules
2	is	present	the winner			a fish game		at the top; stay property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth/t9/