Test 2 · ★ · Budgies and canaries

«he chats to the mirror all day, so he's got a mate, sorted» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: he · What happens: chat, get, sort, be · To what, where: mate

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 205 «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 chats	punct
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 chats	nsubj
3	chats	chat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 mirror	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mirror	det
6	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chats	obl
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 day	det
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chats	obl:unmarked
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 got	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 got	advmod
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 got	nsubj
12	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 got	aux
13	got	get	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 chats	conj
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 mate	det
15	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 got	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 sorted	punct
17	sorted	sort	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 chats	conj
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 sorted	punct
19	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 right	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 right	cop
21	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 sorted	ccomp
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 chats	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	chat speech: other in a quote	present	he		day	to the mirror	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	get in a quote	present · passive	he	a mate			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mate=Stimulus
3	sort in a quote	past	he not said here				vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	is	present				right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Budgies hate other budgies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Budgies	budgie	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	nsubj
2	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 budgies	amod
4	budgies	budgie	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	Budgies	other budgies					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer budgie=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A real budgie friend is much better than a mirror

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 friend	det
2	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 friend	amod
3	budgie	budgie	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 friend	compound
4	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 better	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 better	cop
6	much	much	ADV	_	7 better	advmod
7	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
8	than	than	ADP	_	10 mirror	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 mirror	det
10	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 better	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a real budgie friend					than a mirror; good property	tree rules

Option 3

Mirrors make budgies sing like canaries, and that is the same as having a friend

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mirrors	mirror	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	budgies	budgie	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
4	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 make	xcomp
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 canaries	case
6	canaries	canary	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sing	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 same	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 same	cc
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 same	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 same	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 same	det
12	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 make	parataxis
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 having	mark
14	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 same	advcl
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 friend	det
16	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 having	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	Mirrors	budgies		tree rules
2	sing speech: express	infinitive	budgies not said here		like canaries	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	that		same property	tree rules
4	have	gerund	that not said here	a friend		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient

Option 4

A mirror is all he needs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 mirror	det
2	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 needs	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 needs	cop
4	all	all	ADV	_	6 needs	advmod
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 needs	nsubj
6	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a mirror					all, need property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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