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Test 8 · ★ · Parrots: talkers, nutcrackers and long lives

A parrot holds a nut in one foot and nibbles it. What helps it hold the nut?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: parrot · What happens: hold, nibble, help · To what, where: nut, one foot, parrot

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 206 «Parrots: talkers, nutcrackers and long lives» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A parrot holds a nut in one foot and nibbles it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 parrot	det
2	parrot	parrot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	nsubj
3	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 nut	det
5	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 foot	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 foot	nummod
8	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 nibbles	cc
10	nibbles	nibble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 holds	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 nibbles	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 holds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	a parrot	a nut		one foot			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent nut=Theme in foot=Location
2	nibble	present	a parrot not said here	nut					vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What helps it hold the nut?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 helps	obj
4	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 helps	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 nut	det
6	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hold	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present		parrot					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	hold	infinitive	parrot not said here	the nut					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Two toes forward and two back, like a hand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 toes	nummod
2	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	forward	forward	ADV	_	2 toes	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 two	cc
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 toes	conj
6	back	back	ADV	_	5 two	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 hand	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 hand	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 hand	det
10	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 toes	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Its long tail wrapped round the nut

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 tail	nmod:poss
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 tail	amod
3	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	wrapped	wrap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 tail	acl
5	round	round	ADP	_	7 nut	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 nut	det
7	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wrapped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wrap	participle		Its long tail not said here		the nut			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme round nut=Destination

Option 3

Its wings folded over the nut

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 wings	nmod:poss
2	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 folded	nsubj
3	folded	fold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 nut	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 nut	det
6	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 folded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fold	participle	Its wings			the nut			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Sticky pads on its toes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pads	amod
2	pads	pad	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 toes	case
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 toes	nmod:poss
5	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pads	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/206-parrots-talkers-nutcrackers-and-long-lives/t8/