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Test 4 · ★ · Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in he…

In a cartoon a horse laughs and shows all its teeth at a joke. What is a real horse doing with a curled lip?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: horse, real horse · What happens: laugh, show, be, do, curl · To what, where: teeth, joke, real horse

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a horse laughs and shows all its teeth at a joke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 laughs	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 horse	det
5	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 laughs	nsubj
6	laughs	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 shows	cc
8	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 laughs	conj
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 teeth	det:predet
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 teeth	nmod:poss
11	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 shows	obj
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 joke	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 joke	det
14	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shows	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 laughs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	present	a horse					in a cartoon	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in cartoon=Theme
2	show	present	a horse not said here	horse's teeth		a joke			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is a real horse doing with a curled lip?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 horse	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 horse	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 horse	det
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 horse	amod
5	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	doing	do	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 horse	acl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 lip	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 lip	det
9	curled	curl	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 lip	amod
10	lip	lip	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 doing	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 horse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a real horse					tree rules
2	do	gerund	a real horse not said here					with a curled lip	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	curl	participle							vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

Getting ready to sing a song to the other horses in the field

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Getting	get	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
2	ready	ready	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Getting	xcomp
3	to	to	PART	_	4 sing	mark
4	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 ready	xcomp
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 song	det
6	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sing	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 horses	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 horses	det
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 horses	amod
10	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sing	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 field	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 field	det
13	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Getting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	gerund				the field		ready property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2	sing speech: express	to-infinitive		a song	the other horses				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent song=Topic to horse=Recipient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Smelling something with a special organ in its mouth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smelling	smell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	1 Smelling	obj
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 organ	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 organ	det
5	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 organ	amod
6	organ	organ	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Smelling	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 mouth	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 mouth	nmod:poss
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 organ	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smell	gerund		something				with a special organ in organ's mouth	vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus

Option 3

Crying because it is sad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 sad	csubj
2	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	3 it	case
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Crying	obl
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sad	cop
5	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	gerund						because it	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Crying					sad property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Laughing like a person at a funny joke

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	like	like	ADP	_	4 person	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 person	det
4	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Laughing	obl
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 joke	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 joke	det
7	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 joke	amod
8	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Laughing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	gerund				a funny joke		like a person	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/t4/