Test 8 · ★ · Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in he…

«bloody horse just bolted cos a bird flew up, and the rest followed, stupid lot» Why did they all run?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: bird, they · What happens: bolt, fly up, follow, run · To what, where: bloody horse, rest

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 bolted	punct
2	bloody	bloody	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 horse	amod
3	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bolted	nsubj:pass
4	just	just	ADV	_	5 bolted	advmod
5	bolted	bolt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	cos	cos	SCONJ	_	9 flew	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bird	det
8	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 flew	nsubj
9	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 bolted	advcl
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 flew	compound:prt
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 followed	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 followed	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 rest	det
14	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 followed	nsubj:pass
15	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bolted	parataxis
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 lot	punct
17	stupid	stupid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 lot	amod
18	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 followed	obl
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 lot	punct
20	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	24 run	advmod
21	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 run	aux
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 run	nsubj
23	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	24 run	nsubj
24	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 followed	advcl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 bolted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	bolt in a quote	participle · passive		bloody horse		vn gobble-39.3-1 «NP V NP up»: subject=Patient
2	fly up in a quote	past	a bird			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	follow in a quote	participle · passive		the rest	stupid lot obl	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	run	past · do-support	they			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Horses hate birds and chase them away from the field whenever they can

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	nsubj
2	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hate	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 chase	cc
5	chase	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hate	conj
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 chase	obj
7	away	away	ADV	_	5 chase	advmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 field	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 field	det
10	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 chase	obl
11	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	5 chase	advmod
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 can	nsubj
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 whenever	advcl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	present	Horses	birds					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus
2	chase away	present	Horses not said here	birds = bird		the field		away, whenever property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme from field=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Horses are prey animals, and running together kept them safe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 animals	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 animals	cop
3	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 animals	compound
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 kept	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 kept	cc
7	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 kept	csubj
8	together	together	ADV	_	7 running	advmod
9	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 animals	parataxis
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 kept	obj
11	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 kept	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Horses	prey animals		tree rules
2	run	gerund			together property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	keep	past	running	Horses = horse	safe property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 3

They were racing for the gate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 racing	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 racing	aux
3	racing	race	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 gate	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 gate	det
6	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 racing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	race	past · progressive	They					for the gate	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The first horse was the farmer's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 horse	det
2	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 horse	amod
3	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 farmer	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 farmer	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 farmer	det
6	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	's	's	PART	_	6 farmer	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the first horse					's the farmer	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/t8/