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Test 5 · ★★ · Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mu…

In a cartoon a horse gallops with two legs always touching the ground like a rocking horse. What did a photographer prove in 1878?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: horse · What happens: gallop, touch, prove · To what, where: cartoon, ground, 1878

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 208 «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a horse gallops with two legs always touching the ground like a rocking horse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gallops	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 horse	det
5	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gallops	nsubj
6	gallops	gallop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 legs	case
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 legs	nummod
9	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 gallops	obl
10	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	11 touching	advmod
11	touching	touch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 gallops	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ground	det
13	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 touching	obj
14	like	like	ADP	_	17 horse	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 horse	det
16	rocking	rocking	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 horse	compound
17	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 touching	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 gallops	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gallop	present	a horse			a cartoon		with two legs	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory
2	touch	gerund	a horse not said here	the ground				like a rocking horse; always property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ground=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did a photographer prove in 1878?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 prove	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 prove	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 photographer	det
4	photographer	photographer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prove	nsubj
5	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 1878	case
7	1878	1878	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 prove	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 prove	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	past · do-support				1878			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Horses cannot gallop at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 gallop	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 gallop	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 gallop	advmod
4	gallop	gallop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 gallop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not gallop	can	Horses			all			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Trajectory

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

At one moment all four feet are off the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 moment	case
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 moment	nummod
3	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	all	all	ADV	_	5 four	advmod
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 feet	nummod
6	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 ground	nmod:unmarked
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 ground	cop
8	off	off	ADP	_	10 ground	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 moment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						off the ground; four feet nmod:unmarked	tree rules

Option 3

A horse gallops on its back legs only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gallops	nsubj
3	gallops	gallop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 legs	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 legs	nmod:poss
6	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 legs	compound
7	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 gallops	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	3 gallops	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gallop	present	a horse			horse's back legs			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

A horse always keeps all four feet down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 keeps	nsubj
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 keeps	advmod
4	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	ADV	_	6 four	advmod
6	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 feet	nummod
7	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 keeps	obj
8	down	down	ADV	_	4 keeps	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	a horse	four feet				always, down property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/t5/