Test 11 · Elephants: the trunk and everything it does

Why might a calf kneel down and drink with its mouth instead of its trunk?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: calf kneel · What happens: drink

This is test 11 of lesson 21 «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 drink	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 drink	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 kneel	det
4	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 kneel	compound
5	kneel	kneel	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 drink	nsubj
6	down	down	ADV	_	8 drink	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 drink	cc
8	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 mouth	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 mouth	nmod:poss
11	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 drink	obl
12	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	15 trunk	case
13	of	of	ADP	_	12 instead	fixed
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 trunk	nmod:poss
15	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 drink	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 drink	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	might	a calf kneel					with kneel's mouth; instead kneel's trunk; down property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Calf trunks only work at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trunks	compound
2	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 work	nsubj
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 work	advmod
4	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 work	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	Calf trunks				night		vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Its mother forbids it to use the trunk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mother	nmod:poss
2	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forbids	nsubj
3	forbids	forbid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 forbids	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 use	mark
6	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 forbids	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 trunk	det
8	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 use	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forbid	present	Its mother	it					tree rules
2	use	to-infinitive	Its mother not said here	the trunk					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It has not yet learned to drink with the trunk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 learned	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 learned	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 learned	advmod
4	yet	yet	ADV	_	5 learned	advmod
5	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 drink	mark
7	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 learned	xcomp
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 trunk	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 trunk	det
10	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 drink	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not learn	present · perfect	It				yet		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	drink	to-infinitive						with the trunk	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Calves have no nostrils inside their trunk yet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Calves	calf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 nostrils	det
4	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	inside	inside	ADP	_	7 trunk	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 trunk	nmod:poss
7	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obl
8	yet	yet	ADV	_	2 have	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Calves	no nostrils		Calves's trunk	yet		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nostril=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/t11/