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Exam question 4 · Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climbers and the tin-can myth

It is given that a sheep is found lying upon its back and unable to rise. Ascertain the appropriate course of action.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: sheep, you · What happens: give, find, lie, rise, ascertain · To what, where: It, sheep, back, appropriate course

This is exam question 4 of lesson 211 «Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climbers and the tin-can myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a sheep is found lying upon its back and unable to rise.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 found	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sheep	det
6	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 found	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 found	aux:pass
8	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 found	xcomp
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 back	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 back	nmod:poss
12	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lying	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 unable	cc
14	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 back	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 rise	mark
16	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 unable	xcomp
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	find	present · passive		a sheep					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
3	lie	gerund	a sheep not said here			sheep's back			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon back=Location
4	rise	to-infinitive	a sheep not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the appropriate course of action.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 course	det
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 course	amod
4	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 action	case
6	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 course	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the appropriate course of action					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The farmer should be informed without delay, since such an animal may perish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 farmer	det
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 informed	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 informed	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 informed	aux:pass
5	informed	inform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	without	without	ADP	_	7 delay	case
7	delay	delay	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 informed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 perish	punct
9	since	since	SCONJ	_	14 perish	mark
10	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	12 animal	det:predet
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 animal	det
12	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 perish	nsubj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 perish	aux
14	perish	perish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 informed	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inform speech: other	should · passive		the farmer				without delay	vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	perish	may	such animal						vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The animal should be encouraged to remain in that position

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 encouraged	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 encouraged	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 encouraged	aux:pass
5	encouraged	encourage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 remain	mark
7	remain	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 encouraged	xcomp
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 position	case
9	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 position	det
10	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 remain	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	encourage	should · passive		the animal					vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	remain not said to happen	to-infinitive	the animal not said here			that position			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in position=Location

Option 3

The animal should be left undisturbed, as it is resting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 left	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 left	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 left	aux:pass
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	undisturbed	undisturbed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 left	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 resting	punct
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 resting	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 resting	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 resting	aux
11	resting	rest	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 left	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	should · passive		the animal				undisturbed property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	rest	present · progressive	animal						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Water should be poured upon the animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poured	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 poured	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 poured	aux:pass
4	poured	pour	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 animal	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 animal	det
7	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 poured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pour	should · passive		Water				upon the animal	vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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