Test 3 · ★ · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory

Why might a herd led by a young matriarch do worse in a drought?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: lead · To what, where: herd

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	11 worse	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 worse	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 herd	det
4	herd	herd	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 worse	nsubj
5	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 herd	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 matriarch	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 matriarch	det
8	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 matriarch	amod
9	matriarch	matriarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 led	obl
10	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 worse	aux
11	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 drought	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 drought	det
14	drought	drought	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 worse	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 worse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	participle		a herd not said here				by a young matriarch	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by matriarch=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Young females have no trunks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 females	amod
2	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 trunks	det
5	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Young females	no trunks					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient

Option 2

The other elephants refuse to follow a young female

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 elephants	det
2	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 elephants	amod
3	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 refuse	nsubj
4	refuse	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 follow	mark
6	follow	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 refuse	xcomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 female	det
8	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 female	amod
9	female	female	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 follow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	present	the other elephants						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not follow	to-infinitive	the other elephants not said here	a young female					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent female=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

She can't walk as fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 walk	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 walk	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 walk	advmod
4	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	as	as	ADV	_	6 fast	advmod
6	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 walk	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not walk	can	She					fast property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

She has fewer memories of far-away water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 memories	amod
4	memories	memory	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 water	case
6	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 away	advmod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 far	punct
8	away	away	ADV	_	5 of	fixed
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 memories	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	She	fewer memories of water					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t3/