Exam question 4 · Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones

Ascertain the principal difference in feeding between the centipede and the millipede.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain · To what, where: principal difference, feeding

This is exam question 4 of lesson 220 «Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 difference	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 difference	amod
4	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 feeding	case
6	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 difference	nmod
7	between	between	ADP	_	9 centipede	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 centipede	det
9	centipede	centipede	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 feeding	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 millipede	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 millipede	det
12	millipede	millipede	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 centipede	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal difference		feeding between the centipede and the millipede			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difference=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The centipede hunts living prey, whereas the millipede consumes dead plant matter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 centipede	det
2	centipede	centipede	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	nsubj
3	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 prey	amod
5	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 consumes	punct
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	10 consumes	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 millipede	det
9	millipede	millipede	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consumes	nsubj
10	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hunts	conj
11	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 matter	amod
12	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 matter	compound
13	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consumes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	the centipede	living prey					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme
2	consume	present	the millipede	dead plant matter					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Asset

Option 2

Both obtain nourishment by the spinning of webs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 obtain	nsubj
2	obtain	obtain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obtain	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 spinning	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 spinning	det
6	spinning	spinning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obtain	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 webs	case
8	webs	web	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spinning	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obtain	present	Both	nourishment				by the spinning of webs	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nourishment=Theme
2	spin			webs					nom spinning «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Both are exclusively consumers of living plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	4 consumers	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 consumers	cop
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	4 consumers	advmod
4	consumers	consumer	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 plants	case
6	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 plants	amod
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consumers	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Both	consumers				of living plants; exclusively property	tree rules

Option 4

The millipede hunts living prey, whereas the centipede consumes dead plant matter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 millipede	det
2	millipede	millipede	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	nsubj
3	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 prey	amod
5	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 consumes	punct
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	10 consumes	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 centipede	det
9	centipede	centipede	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consumes	nsubj
10	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hunts	conj
11	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 matter	amod
12	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 matter	compound
13	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consumes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	the millipede	living prey					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme
2	consume	present	the centipede	dead plant matter					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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