Exam question 3 · Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the drinking behaviour of the pigeon.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, drinking behaviour
This is exam question 3 of lesson 221 «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Select | select | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 response | det |
| 3 | response | response | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Select | obj |
| 4 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Select | xcomp |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 facts | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 facts | det |
| 7 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 facts | amod |
| 8 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 consistent | obl |
| 9 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 facts | acl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 behaviour | det |
| 11 | drinking | drinking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 behaviour | compound |
| 12 | behaviour | behaviour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 concerning | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 pigeon | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 pigeon | det |
| 15 | pigeon | pigeon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 behaviour | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Select | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | imperative | you not said here | the response | consistent property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme | |||
| 2 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 3 | concern | gerund | the established facts not said here | the drinking behaviour of the pigeon | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus behaviour=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Water is scooped and swallowed by elevation of the head
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 scooped | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 scooped | aux:pass |
| 3 | scooped | scoop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 swallowed | cc |
| 5 | swallowed | swallow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 scooped | conj |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 elevation | case |
| 7 | elevation | elevation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 swallowed | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 head | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 head | det |
| 10 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 elevation | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | scoop | present · passive | Water | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | swallow | participle | by elevation of the head | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | elevate | the head | nom elevation «event transitive»: of=patient |
Option 2
Water is obtained solely from food and never drunk
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 obtained | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 obtained | aux:pass |
| 3 | obtained | obtain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | solely | solely | ADV | _ | 3 obtained | advmod |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 food | case |
| 6 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 obtained | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 drunk | cc |
| 8 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 9 drunk | advmod |
| 9 | drunk | drunk | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 obtained | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | obtain | present · passive | Water | food | solely property | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from food=Source |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Water is drawn upward by suction without elevation of the head
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drawn | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 drawn | aux:pass |
| 3 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | upward | upward | ADV | _ | 3 drawn | advmod |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 suction | case |
| 6 | suction | suction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drawn | obl |
| 7 | without | without | ADP | _ | 8 elevation | case |
| 8 | elevation | elevation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drawn | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 head | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 head | det |
| 11 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 elevation | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | present · passive | suction | Water | without elevation of the head; upward property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | elevate | the head | nom elevation «event transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4
Water is absorbed exclusively through the skin
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 absorbed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 absorbed | aux:pass |
| 3 | absorbed | absorb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | exclusively | exclusively | ADV | _ | 3 absorbed | advmod |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 skin | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 skin | det |
| 7 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 absorbed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | absorb | present · passive | Water | the skin | exclusively property | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/e3/